‘recriminations’ [BNTC], ‘evil speakings’ [KJV], ‘disparaging remarks’ [NAB], ‘carping criticism’ [NJB], ‘backstabbing’ [NLT], ‘malicious talk’ [REB], ‘insulting language’ [TEV], ‘abusive language’ [TNT]. QUESTION—How is the word πᾶς ‘all’ used in this verse? 1. It is all-encompassing, referring to every possible kind and allowing no exceptions [NCBC, NTC, TG]. 2. Used with the first two singular nouns, it indicates the generalized nature of those vices, whereas used with the last word (a plural), it refers inclusively